Quercus robur L.
Quercus robur
Quercus robur, commonly known as the pedunculate oak or English oak, is a large deciduous tree native to most of Europe and western Asia. It can grow up to 40 meters tall with a stout trunk that can reach 11-14 meters in girth. The tree has a spreading, unevenly domed crown and massive lower branches. Its bark is greyish-brown with vertical plates, and it often has large burrs on the trunk. The leaves are broadly oblong or ovate, 10-12 cm long and 7-8 cm wide, with a cordate base and 3-6 rounded lobes. They are dark green above and paler below, often covered in small disks of spangle gall by autumn. The tree is wind-pollinated with male flowers in narrow catkins and female flowers small and brown. The acorns are borne in clusters of 2-3 on a long peduncle and are oval with a pointed tip, starting whitish-green and becoming brown then black.
Details
Fagales
Fagaceae
Quercus
The heartwood of Quercus robur contains triterpene saponins and phenolic compounds such as grandinin/roburin E, castalagin/vescalagin, gallic acid, monogalloyl glucose (glucogallin), valoneic acid dilactone, rhamnose, quercitrin, and ellagic acid.
Quercus robur is valued for its durable heartwood, which is used in interior and furniture work. The acorns can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute despite their bitter taste due to high tannin content. The tree supports a diverse range of herbivorous insects and other wildlife, making it ecologically significant.
Spring (early May in England)
Up to 40 meters
Male flowers: Not specified; Female flowers: Small, brown with dark red stigmas
Lowlands on soils of near neutral acidity, commonly planted in hedges. It is also found on the margins of swamps, rivers, and ponds, showing tolerance to intermittent flooding. It thrives in high-canopy woodland, coppice, and wood pasture.
Info
Pannon Flora Ltd. was founded on December 13, 1999, by Gábor Janik, who retains 95% ownership. Janik holds an MSc in Horticulture from the University of Horticultural Sciences (1986) and an Advanced Professional English Certification from the College of International Trade (1990). The company specializes in bird feed production and export, primarily serving markets in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, alongside cultivating and distributing imported/exported horticultural seeds. It maintains exclusive partnerships with JOEUN Seed (South Korea) and Takii Europe (Japan), a leader in professional seed breeding and production. Pannon Flora collaborates with certification bodies such as NÉBIH (National Food Chain Safety Office), MERT Kontroll, and SGS Hungary to ensure compliance and quality. The company works with approximately 400 Hungarian growers, ranging from small-scale producers (under 5 hectares) to mid-sized farms and large-scale agricultural enterprises. This profile emphasizes agribusiness expertise, technical partnerships, and operational scalability tailored to international client needs.
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