Fagus sylvatica L.
European Beech
The European beech is a large, graceful deciduous tree known for its smooth silvery-gray bark and large leaf area. It can reach heights of up to 50 meters (160 feet) and has a trunk diameter of up to 3 meters (10 feet). The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, typically 5–10 cm long and 3–7 cm broad. The tree is native to Europe and parts of Asia, thriving in humid atmospheres with well-drained soil. It is widely used for timber and ornamental purposes.
Details
Fagales
Fagaceae
Fagus
The wood of the European beech is known for its fine and short grain, making it easy to work with. It has a density of 720 kilograms per cubic meter and is resistant to compression and splitting. The tree produces beechnuts, which contain tannins and alkaloids that are slightly toxic to humans in large quantities. The nuts were historically pressed for oil used in cooking and lamps, and ground into flour after leaching out tannins.
The nuts of the European beech are eaten by humans and animals. The wood is used in furniture making, parquetry, staircases, and workbench tops due to its hardness and resistance to compression. It is also used for making wooden mallets and as firewood. The tree's bark distillate is used to protect the wood from rot, and its cellulose content can be spun into modal, a textile akin to cotton. Additionally, the wood is used for paper pulp and as a source of smoke flavoring.
April to May
Late autumn or early spring
Up to 50 meters (160 feet)
Inconspicuous, small catkins for male flowers and triangular nuts for female flowers
Temperate forests, mountains, and humid atmospheres with well-drained soil. Thrives in altitudes from 600 to 1,800 meters (1,969 to 5,906 feet) in the southern parts of its range.
Info
Pannon Flora Ltd. was founded on December 13, 1999, by Gábor Janik, who retains 95% ownership. Janik holds an MSc in Horticulture from the University of Horticultural Sciences (1986) and an Advanced Professional English Certification from the College of International Trade (1990). The company specializes in bird feed production and export, primarily serving markets in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, alongside cultivating and distributing imported/exported horticultural seeds. It maintains exclusive partnerships with JOEUN Seed (South Korea) and Takii Europe (Japan), a leader in professional seed breeding and production. Pannon Flora collaborates with certification bodies such as NÉBIH (National Food Chain Safety Office), MERT Kontroll, and SGS Hungary to ensure compliance and quality. The company works with approximately 400 Hungarian growers, ranging from small-scale producers (under 5 hectares) to mid-sized farms and large-scale agricultural enterprises. This profile emphasizes agribusiness expertise, technical partnerships, and operational scalability tailored to international client needs.
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