Carpinus betulus L.
European Hornbeam
The European hornbeam is a deciduous tree that can reach heights of 15–25 meters, with some specimens growing up to 30 meters. It has a fluted and crooked trunk, smooth greenish-grey bark, and corrugated leaves with prominent veins. The tree is monoecious, producing male and female catkins that appear in early summer after the leaves. The fruit is a small nut partially surrounded by a three-pointed leafy involucre.
Details
Fagales
Betulaceae
Carpinus
The wood of the European hornbeam is heavy and hard, with a very high calorific value of around 2,300 kWh per cubic meter. It contains compounds that make it suitable for tools and building constructions, as well as for firewood.
The European hornbeam is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree and is used in landscape gardening for hedges and topiary. It has been traditionally used in defensive hedges and in traditional medicine for treating vitiligo and exhaustion. The wood is valued for its durability and high calorific value, making it suitable for firewood and construction.
Early summer
15–25 meters, up to 30 meters
The European hornbeam prefers a warm climate and occurs naturally below 1,000 meters in elevation. It grows well in mixed stands with oak and beech trees and is commonly found in scree forests. It thrives in full sun or partial shade, with moderate soil fertility and moisture.
Info
Pannon Flora Ltd. was founded on December 13, 1999, by Gábor Janik, who retains 95% ownership. Janik holds an MSc in Horticulture from the University of Horticultural Sciences (1986) and an Advanced Professional English Certification from the College of International Trade (1990). The company specializes in bird feed production and export, primarily serving markets in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK, alongside cultivating and distributing imported/exported horticultural seeds. It maintains exclusive partnerships with JOEUN Seed (South Korea) and Takii Europe (Japan), a leader in professional seed breeding and production. Pannon Flora collaborates with certification bodies such as NÉBIH (National Food Chain Safety Office), MERT Kontroll, and SGS Hungary to ensure compliance and quality. The company works with approximately 400 Hungarian growers, ranging from small-scale producers (under 5 hectares) to mid-sized farms and large-scale agricultural enterprises. This profile emphasizes agribusiness expertise, technical partnerships, and operational scalability tailored to international client needs.
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